Racism and Reconstruction
    a belief that a person's race is the 
    primary determinant of their actions
 

Black Codes laws that put limitations
        on the civil rights of the freedman

    In order to vote your grandfather had to vote

                    literacy test to vote   

Civil War Amendments
    Read p 318  write down each of the Civil
   War amendments and a summary of each.

    Which clause of the 14th amendment
    transferred much power from the states
        to the federal government?
    states are forbidden to "deprive citizen ...rights."
Watch 7 min video on the 14th Amendment:

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    Freedman's Bureau   provided food and
    clothing for freed slaves and helped prepare
               former slaves for life as free men.
    What was President Johnson's opinion
        of the Freedman's Bureau and
                    Civil Rights Bill?p 319  
        unnecessary, unwise, and unconstitutional

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    Read p 319 &320 about the impeachment of President Johnson.  Write a summary about the principle players and the outcome.

Johnson "supposedly" violated the Tenure of Office Act,

Tenure of Office Act  (1867) required Senate approval for the
                removal of Cabinet officers

February, 1868: House of Representatives impeaches  Johnson because he tried to discharge only radical republican left in his cabinet: Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.

Senate refuses to convict Johnson  fell one vote short / Reason? Stanton was appointed by Lincoln and therefore Johnson did not violate the Tenure of Office Act

Radical Republicans seen as being above the of Constitution, lose public support some feared removal of the President would threaten the constitutional balance of powers

Impeachment trial did subdue the President on the side of Congressional Reconstruction, this neutralized his opposition to their program

    The impeachment of President Johnson highlighted the Reconstruction Era.

Reconstruction 1.  a miserable failure in obtaining equality for freedmen  2.  Freedmen's Bureau did some good, schools though promote racial separation,  3.  By 1870 Invisible Nation (KKK) takes over southern politics by employing brutal racists tactics.

How was the administration of Ulysses S. Grant marred in scandal?  many "rings"  or groups of people trying to control political power.

    Who was Boss Tweed ?  New York mafia leader who bribed government officials.
 
 

Define each of the following in your notes;
        p 321-322
        Carpetbaggers - northern politicians who went South seeking political office

        scalawags - southerners who helped the carpetbaggers

       KKK - ku klux klan secret organization that took matters into their own hands

Knights of the White Camellia  - also a racist organization

    Amnesty Act -  gave a general pardon to southerners

   poll tax - tax blacks paid to vote

    literacy test - reading and writing test to vote

    Solid South - term that refers to the southern states voting "solidly Democratic for 120 years after the Civil War